Alloui Zineb NedjlaBourebbou FetimaGuezouli Larbi2025-10-242025-01-01Alloui , Z. N., Bourebbou, F., & Guezouli, L. (2025). Enhancing Transparency in Batna's Public Transportation: A Cost-Effective Real-Time Bus Tracking and Route Optimization System. Journal of Modern Technology and Engineering, 10(2), 102-110. https://doi.org/10.62476/jmte.10202.https://doi.org/10.62476/jmte.10202https://jomardpublishing.com/journals/journal-of-modern-technology-and-engineering/articles/enhancing-transparency-in-batnas-public-transportation-a-cost-effective-real-time-bus-tracking-and-route-optimization-systemhttp://dspace.hns-re2sd.dz:4000/handle/123456789/56Public transportation in Batna suffers from a lack of transparency, leading to inefficiencies, unreliable schedules, and a poor commute experience. This thesis presents a comprehensive and cost-effective bus tracking system that aims to modernize public transportation in the city. The proposed solution integrates a GPS-enabled Raspberry Pi device for real-time location tracking, an AI-powered backend that uses long-short-term memory (LSTM) networks for accurate estimated arrival time (ETA) predictions, and a mobile Android application for user interaction. The system also incorporates Dijkstra’s algorithm to offer optimized route planning. The emphasis was placed on low-cost hardware, lightweight web frameworks such as Flask, and secure communication via HTTPS and DDNS. The developed platform was tested and validated through real-world simulations, demonstrating significant improvements in route accuracy, ETA reliability. This work offers a modular and scalable foundation for improving public transportation in resource-constrained urban environments.en-USPublic TransportationBus TrackingArtificial IntelligenceLSTMRoute OptimizationSmart Cities.Article